Womens Studies: Woman of the Year Refia Ari -a pioneer of Special Need

Women's Studies: REFIA ARI - Woman of the Year Pioneer of Special Needs Education for disabled children in KKTC Cyprus Refia Ari received the Woman of the Year award in 2003 of the Women's Studies & Education Centre, Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU), KKTC/TRNC-Cyprus. She enabled special needs education for disabled children, children's disability support for their parents and disabilities careres. "Mrs. Refia (Ari) has created for .. children a world that becomes more beautiful every day" (Sà ¼leyman Ergà ¼Ãƒ §là ¼, News Director, Bayrak Radio-Television -rtd ~YaÅŸamÄ ±n Ä °Ãƒ §inden BRTK, Cyprus-KKTC) This woman's nation also has its share of disabled children. But Cyprus-KKTC had no facilities for children with disabilities. Neither for their care, nor for their well being and education. Nor for the welfare and educational support needs of their parents. Special needs education did not exist for children with disabilities. Parents of disabled children had no education on how to cope. Children with mental or physical handicaps simply existed and suffered. Refia Ari changed that for the disabled of Cyprus-KKTC. Her Successful Woman of the Year Award by the Eastern Mediterranean University's Women's Studies and Education Centre was for her pioneering works which made that change possible. Especially for children with disabilities and the parents of handicapped children. While Cyprus is in, both, the British Commonwealth and the European Union, and, indeed, also in the European Convention on Human Rights, concerns were, as of the United Nations, mostly with its inter-communal conflict, and neither local nor foreign aid existed for the disabled men and women and children of Cyprus-KKTC -not even an official disability re... ...ial education provisions catering also for the special needs of disabled children up the age of 18, and she was included in its committee for the re-organisation of the educational system which should also ease the integration into society of disabled children by their education in ordinary schools. Refia Ari, with her exceptional leadership qualities and extraordinary organising skills having worked wonders for the handicapped children of Cyprus-KKTC, is reported in the media to be pursuing her vision to get official help, support and education extended also to disabled adults. Her voluntary works with various disability organisations and vision for the disabled, as she stated to the BRTK, is based on Refia Ari's philosophy that -translated "We have advantages in life and disadvantages, some of us can't run -but if one's hand is held one can at least walk."

The lovely Bones

The setting of the novel shows us that the worst things can happen when we least expect It and to the people who least deserve It. The author Alice Sobbed' strategically wrote the setting the way It Is to help readers realize that they should always be careful about whom they trust and to show that tragedies Like these do and did happen. Plot The storyline of this book is based around the fight for family and in particular the willingness to let go of the past and live within the present. We follow a young girls horrific story and we watch her as she struggles to leave earth and enjoy heaven.This girls name was Susie Salmon; she was fourteen years old when she was murdered on December 6th 1973, We follow not only her Journey but also her implies' as they both try to cope and come to terms with this horrifying circumstance. We learn that we should not take advantage of what you have and to be thankful for what we already do have. At the innocent age of fourteen Susie Salmon was lured into a hidden underground room by her neighbor Mr.. Harvey. Susie was raped and killed by this sick man who was surprisingly a trusted individual throughout the community.He had a mental disease and had killed many other girls before Susie. The youngest being only six years old. We watch as Useless family falls apart and also learn how much love a father can have for his daughter. This is evident, as her dad never lets go of his beautiful daughters memory we witness his determination to put Issue's soul to rest as he continues to search and expose her killer. Mr.. Harvey never gets caught although he dies as a result of karma, which is what the author ‘Alice Sobbed' alms to portray at the end of this novel.Although the most Important lesson shown Is how hard It Is to let go of a life that was unfairly taken away, by a man who does not deserve to have one. Characters Susie Salmon Susie was a fun and bright girl who loved two things her photography and her family. Although this all changed on December 6th 1973 when she was beaten, raped and murdered in the cornfields by Mr.. Harvey her neighbor. She used to be full of love and extremely vibrant. Although after this traumatic experience which put her life to an unexpected and extremely early stop her whole personality changes.She struggles to accept the fact that she can no longer continue with the life she once had. Susie finds it very difficult to except the fact that Mr.. Harvey can continue through life and she has to watch her loves ones suffer. She shows her frustration wrought sending messages to her father who is in desperate search of his little girls killer. Although she soon learns that everything happens for a reason and life will Mr.. Harvey Mr.. Harvey is a thirty six year old man who is responsible for both the rape and murder of young Susie Salmon.He is a very important although evil character thorough this traumatic although eye opening novel. As Susie is between earth and heaven she watche s over her loved ones. By choice she very rarely watches over Mr.. Harvey but the only time she ever seems to notice him is when he is thinking about re or getting close to her family. Throughout this novel we begin to re-live Mr.. Harvey's childhood we learn that he had a mother who taught him how to steal and an abusive father who did not have a proper Job like all the other children.His life was far from perfect and once he saw that The Salmons had a life he always dreamt of having. He felt the need to ruin it and destroy something that he never had the privilege of having. All in all Mr.. Harvey was motivated by Jealousy as he believed that a young innocent girl who had her whole life ahead of her did not deserve the reveille of having a loving family. So instead of improving his own life he decided to destroy someone else's. Themes There are a various amount of themes associated with this particular novel such as the fight for family and most importantly love.In this heart wren ching novel we are shown the different and opposite types of families. The salmon family are loving, supportive and happy although Mr.. Harvey lives alone and had a very tough and unloved upbringing. Mr.. Harvey finds it hard to believe that even though the salmons have lost a much-loved member of the family, hey still manage to get through and keep the bond they all shared with or without Susie. The novel is based heavily upon the Salmon family rebuilding their once perfect lives after the horrific murder of both a daughter and sister.As we continue through the novel we see vast amounts of love through both family and friends. Issue's little sister Lindsey begins to fall in-love with a young boy called Samuel. As Susie watches over her little sister growing up she cannot help but be envious of her, because she was never able to experience such feelings. Although we o not only watch love blossom unfortunately we also see former loves come crumbling down. As you would expect the stra in of losing a loved one can either make relationships stronger or weaker.Unfortunately Issue's parents were unable to cope, her mum left for a year to go work in a winery and deal with her pain alone and in her own time. Although at the end she comes back and Issue's parents fall in love all over again. Author's Techniques The time frame has strategically been set through 1973 to 1981 because back in this particular day and age murder and or rape was unfamiliar and in most cases an unheard of crime. It could also be the fact that we did not have the resources we needed back then to catch killers and rapists as there was no DNA testing during this time in our history.The author ‘Alice Sobbed' has set the book in this time because the death of this young adult took many by surprise and it was unjust but also common that Mr.. Harvey was never caught and convicted. Although one particular use of symbolism stood out the most. Mr.. Harvey kept the bracelet young Susie wore the nigh t she was murdered. The author uses the bracelet to symbolism Susie Salmon and the fact that even though she cannot be seen or eared she is still there, watching and missing everything she was not able to experience in life.Evaluation The novel ‘The lovely bones' is an amazing story of a young girls unfairly shortened life. We see evidence of symbolism, point of view and many other techniques used by the author. It shows us that family is in most cases are the people you can trust the most. Susie had so much more living to do; which allows the novel to make you frustrated although it also makes readers feel thankful for the opportunities and life they are fortunate enough to have. The Lovely Bones Sobbed cleverly developed the characters of the narrative by using literary devices such as iris person narration, flashbacks, imagery and tone in order to connect her audience with the characters and therefore sympathize with them. Sobbed uses first person narration, with the narrative being told from the perspective of Susie Salmon. This Is a technique used by Sobbed, as she has created Issue's voice to be conversational rather than formal to create sympathy with her.Susie retells the events that took place before and after her death, sharing with us her thoughts opinions and feelings to allow the reader to Identify with her and sympathies with her as the poor Innocent victim whose only wish Is to grow up. For example, when Susie tells the reader about each person having different versions of Heaven which give them their desires, she says â€Å"l could not have what I wanted most: Mr.. Harvey dead and me living. † Susie is able to see everything by looking down from Heaven, therefore she has the knowledge of all that has taken place and in addition the ability to read into the minds of other characters.For example, when Susie watches Ray Sings looking at her photo, she says â€Å"What did dead mean, Ray wondered. It meant lost, it meant frozen, it meant gone. † This provides a greater perspective for the deader, and therefore an opportunity to identify the situation and sympathies with other characters also. Another literary technique Sobbed uses Is flashbacks, which Jump back In time from the current point in the story to past events that have taken place in Issue's life to help develop characters. For example, when Mr.. Harvey kisses Susie, she flashes back to her first kiss with Ray Sings. Mr.. Harvey started to press his lips against mine. They were blubbery and wet and I wanted to scream but I was too afraid and too exhausted from the fight. Had been kissed once by someone I liked. His name was Ray and he was Indian. † This flashback helps to develop Issue's character. Similarly, this technique is used to develop Mr.. Harvey, who was taught to steal by his mother, abandoned by her, and raised by his tyrannical father. Although we do not sympathies with Mr.. Harvey, knowing this creates an understanding that he was once innocent, forcing the readers to see him as more human.Flashbacks are also used to contrast changes In characters before and after Issue's death. For example, Susie flashes back to the time she and her happy father Jack built ships In bottles before she died: way the strings he'd raised the mast with, and I would wait for him, recognizing the tension of that moment when the world in the bottle depended, solely, on me. † However, this is contrasted with the broken man he becomes because he feels he failed his daughter. Susie watches him waking up in the morning and tells: â€Å"The guilt on him, the hand of god pressing down on him saying, you were not there when your daughter needed you. So bbed also uses imagery and tone as tools to further develop sympathy for the characters. The tone Sobbed uses is very blunt, direct and void of feeling, which implements her cold, chilling descriptions, evoking a strong emotional reaction from her readers. For example, after Susie is murdered, she retells: â€Å"He had put me in a waxy cloth sack and thrown in the shaving cream and razor from the mud ledge, his book of sonnets, and finally the bloody knife, tumbled together with my knees, fingers and toes. † This creates the visualization of Mr..Harvey carving up her body and tossing it about carelessly, which combined with the unsentimental tones creates a very sympathetic response from the reader. These various sensory images are also seed by Sobbed as a method of developing characters. For example, when Susie reflects on her heartbeat against Mr.. Harvey's during the rape, she says: â€Å"Mine skipped like a rabbit, and his thudded like a hammer against cloth,† cont rasting Issue's gentle nature to Mr.. Harvey's violent one, creating sympathy for Susie. Another literary technique used to create sympathy with the characters of ‘The Lovely Bones' is irony. For example, when Mr..Harvey brings Mrs.. Flanagan the safe holding the dead body of Susie, which is to be disposed of, Mrs.. Flanagan says: â€Å"What do you eave in here? A dead body? † The reader knows that there is in fact a dead body inside, although Mrs.. Flanagan does not. This ensures the reader does not sympathize with Mr.. Harvey, as he is able to blatantly lie, and enables the reader to feel sympathy for Susie. Susie was always afraid as a little girl that the sinkhole would swallow her, and then ironically it really did when Mr.. Harvey buried her there in the Iron safe. This creates sympathy for Susie because it was her childhood fear.Irony is also used to sympathize with Issue's father Jack, who ironically goes into the lied to kill the person he believes is Mr.. Harv ey, but is attacked himself. We also feel sympathy for Jack when he ironically comes to the same realization Susie did when they saw the photograph of Abigail, that she was unhappy in her marriage with him. Seabed's literary techniques helped to develop sympathy for her characters, solidifying the interest of her readers. The first-person narration, flashbacks, imagery, tone and irony techniques brought the narrative to life and I could easily identify and sympathize with Susie. Word Count: 1002

Essay on The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton - 539 Words

Edith Wharton was the author of The Age of Innocence, a novel published in 1920. In the book, many topics were considered, such as divorce, the empowerment of women, and the lifestyle of the wealthy. The inspiration for these motifs occurred throughout her life. Although Edith Wharton’s work was not well-received, the topics included in her writings held many truths about upper-class society in the late 1800s; therefore, Edith Wharton was influenced by her past and societal experiences. Wharton received inspiration for her writings through her upbringing. Edith Wharton lived in upper-class New York City, which is the setting of her novel The Age of Innocence. â€Å"But I’m improvident: I live in the moment when I’m happy† (Wharton 87). This†¦show more content†¦The suffrage movement had an enormous influence on Edith Wharton. This impact is made clear in her writings. Edith Wharton had a feminist view on life. â€Å"I’m sick of the hypocr isy that would bury alive a woman of her age if her husband prefers to live with harlots† (Wharton 26). Through this quotation, it is made evident that Edith Wharton believed males and females were equals and should be treated as such. â€Å"You mustn’t think that a girl knows as little as her parents imagine. One hears and one notices—one has one’s feelings and ideas† (Wharton 96). In this quotation, Edith Wharton shows the controversial idea of women being more than mere objects. Wharton’s works all showcase feminist ideals. The art of the time also had an influence on Edith Wharton. Many of the paintings and musical pieces contributed ideas as controversial as the ideas in her stories. One of these was The Rite of Spring, a musical piece composed by Igor Stravinsky in 1914. Stravinsky’s music and the corresponding choreography were strange and offensive to many of the audience members. These two elements combined caused the audience to riot. The Rite of Spring relates to the controversial idea of feminism, which was used by Wharton throughout her literary works. Many people in the early 1900s opposed the women’s rights’ movement. However, the few people that fought for women’s suffrage fought for it with much tenacity. As women’sShow MoreRelatedThe Age Of Innocence By Edith Wharton1539 Words   |  7 PagesIn Edith Wharton’s novel, The Age of Innocence, the old New York society accepted those who followed moral codes and dreaded hearing those who did not. Growing up in a society that has strict rules and traditions in the 1800’s, Wharton wrote books about this time period and how characters were affected by these societal rules and traditions. Edith Wharton grew up in New York City and spent most her life there. She met her husband, Edward Wharton there and continued writing other novels as well. LaterRead MoreThe Age Of Innocence By Edith Wharton1558 Words   |  7 Pageswell credited novel The Age of Innocence, Edith Wharton uses gender roles to emphasize that women are seen inferior to men while portraying that it is socially acceptable in their society to objectify women and categorize them based on their actions. She uses two highly contrasting characters that both embody desirable traits as well as inexpedient traits in order to convey this. Wharton’s parents were wealthy conservatives who belonged to New York’s upper class. At the age of 23, she wed a wealthyRead MoreThe Age Of Innocence By Edith Wharton2131 Words   |  9 Pages The novel, The Age of Innocence, is the story of Newland Archer, a lawyer and heir to one of New York s most prominent families. Newland is planning to marry the young, beautiful and sheltered May Welland, however when May s exotic cousin, the Countess Ellen Olenska, appears on the scene he begins to question these plans. 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The genreRead MoreThe Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton1505 Words   |  6 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  The  narrator  is  able  to  share  how  life  in  high  New  York  society  functions.   More  specifically,  the  narrator  is  able  to  reveal  Newland  Archer’s  thoughts  and  emotions  as  he   works  through  his  internal  struggle.    ­Irony ­Ã‚   The  book  being  called  The  Age  of  Innocence  is  ironic  because  the  one  who  would  be  perceived   as  being  most  innocent,  is  not  as  naà ¯ve  as  believed.  May  Welland  Archer  grew  up  innocent  and   naà ¯ve  and  has  never  known  passion  until  her  husband  introduces  her  to  it.  Ã‚  After  Newland  begins   his  affairRead MoreThe Age Of Innocence By Edith Wharton And The Waste Land1398 Words   |  6 PagesThe Age of Innocenc e by Edith Wharton and The Waste Land by T.S. Eliot has similar recurring imagery. Both literary works portray two women in a way and compare these two women characters. Wharton’s portrayal of gender in the society of Old New York illustrates the â€Å"perfect† woman through May Welland along with the â€Å"imperfect† woman through Ellen Olenska, whereas in the poem The Waste Land by T.S. Eliot, the role and sexuality of women is shown through the juxtaposition of two women in the sectionRead MoreSociety in The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton Essay759 Words   |  4 PagesSociety in The Age of Innocence The Age of Innocence, written by Edith Wharton, is about the upper-class society of New York City in the 1870’s. The novel follows the life of an upper-class lawyer named Newland Archer. He is going to wed May Welland, who comes from another upper-class family. As the novel progresses Newland starts to become intrigued with May’s cousin, the poor Ellen Olenska. Ellen is called â€Å"poor† because she is shameful in the eyes of the society that surrounds her. 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On January 24, 1862, Edith Wharton was born in New York City. Her parents are George Fredric Jones and Lucretia Stevens Rhinelander. They were descents from English and Duitch colonists whoRead MoreSociety Wasn’t Built In a Day: Societal Structure in The Age of Innocence1493 Words   |  6 Pagesthing to arrive early at the opera; and what was or was not the thing played a part as important in Newland Archers New York as the inscrutable totem errors that had ruled the destinies of his forefathers thousands of years ago-Edith Wharton The Age of Innocence Societies, like houses and businesses are built a certain way. They each have a certain way of functioning and placing some people above others. Throughout history, there are plenty examples of this concept, the best of which lies withinRead MoreConformity in Edith Whartons The Age of Innocence Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pagesexpress the pitfalls of this new society. 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Essay about Commerce Case Study Report for David Jones...

Principles of Responsible Commerce: Group 5 October 2010 Assessment 3: Case Study Report Sexual Harassment in the Workplace – David Jones and Pricewaterhouse Coopers Kristy van Duin, Li Yutao, Pablo Arenas, Jace Burgess Executive Summary The following report looks at the increase of Sexual Harassment claims within Corporate Australia that have been lodged with the Australian Human Rights Commission over the last decade. David Jones Pty Ltd and Pricewaterhouse Cooper are two prevalent cases which have attracted negative media with regard to Sexual Harassment, and this report utilises both Risk Management and Egoism Theories to scrutinise various impacts, responsibilities and recommendations for Individuals, Organisations and†¦show more content†¦Corporate Australia requires immediate attention to stem the steady increase of sexual harassment. Alexander and Lewer (1998) state there is â€Å"significant interaction between industrial relations practices and the economy† demonstrating linkages between individuals, organisations and society that must be addressed. Impact on Individuals, Organisations and Society Individuals - the key impact is often emotional. A victim or sexual harassment may lose the ability to attain premium quality of life, when compared to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs as described by Turner (1995): * Physiological – increased stress levels, mental health, decreased sense of self worth, as well as creating many other health issues. * Safety – Career focus can be destroyed, income reduced through absenteeism or loss of employment, affecting the level of security one may have. * Belonging – feelings of violation and isolation and decreased sense of value. This view is noted by Weisberg (1996, pg 725) quoting Lin Farley â€Å"the abuse also impacts destructively [by] disrupting female job attachment, promoting female unemployment and inhibiting female solidarity.† * Esteem – as a result of a lack of belonging and lack of reliable income, the self worth and the value placed by colleagues and employer is decreased. Lengthy legal battle s impact on an individual’s financial stability whilst media scrutiny impacts on individual esteem and addsShow MoreRelatedEssentials of Contemporary Management7571 Words   |  31 PagesContemporary Management [Second Canadian Edition] Gareth R. Jones Texas AM University Jennifer M. 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Technology and the American Dream - 1863 Words

Technology and The American Dream The idea that no matter where you start in life you have opportunity to work hard and gain prosperity and success, is also known as the American Dream. Which nowadays seems to be an almost dying if not already totally dead concept. Something seen only in fairy tales and movies and not really so much in real life. In these days and times it seems as though it does not matter how hard you work, but rather the people you know, that decide whether you will have the opportunity to be successful or not. But if you are just an everyday person how exactly are you supposed to go about making those connections with people that really matter? The ones that can really help you? It almost seems like if you†¦show more content†¦His dream finally began to come together in 2009 when his videos captured the interest of a manager who then contacted him and helped him in the process of meeting the right people. He met with Usher who took him to meet L.A. Reid and then got him signed to Isl and Def Jam Recordings. He then released his first album, and went platinum just two months later. Using technology Justin was able to broadcast his talent to the world, get discovered, and to create a fanbase.These things were eventually the foundations for his fame. To this day his original fans continue to be his biggest supporters and they help to keep him successful. Not only was he blessed in his rise to fame, but the speed in which he achieved it all is remarkable as well. Without the Internet and technology his probability of ever getting the chance to meet any of those big name record labels would have been next to zero and his fanbase would probably have never have achieved the size that it is now. Perhaps an even greater example of technology’s influence on the music industry is told with the story of the british boyband One Direction. They were first introduced to the world when they appeared as individual contestants on the U.K.’s The X Factor, but as individual contestants they didn’t make it very far in the competition. Their first lucky break from even beingShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream In James T. Adamss The American Dream1220 Words   |  5 Pagesphrase â€Å"The American Dream† was popularized by James T. Adams in his book Epic of America. The meaning of the American Dream has changed overtime but still has the same idea: anything is achievable if you work for it, regardless of your financial or social standpoint. The twentieth century was filled with Americans in the working class motivated by the popularized phrase. People wanted to work and improve their positions, but suddenly, everything changed. The American dream turned merely a dream; a literalRead More The American Dream: Life, Liberty and Freedom Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesThe basic idea of the American Dream generally has stayed the same throughout time, although the majority of Americans seem to take the Dream for granted. The first settlers arrived to the New World in search of a treasure: life, liberty, and freedom. This treasure was and still is the American Dream. Now people from all over the world come to America in search of the same Dream; some even die trying. People were not as materialistic as people are now; they just wanted happiness. As time passed,Read MoreThe Valley Of Opportunity By Robert Noyce1607 Words   |  7 PagesThe Valley of Opportunity What is the American Dream? Usually, for most people the American Dream is working hard enough to be able to live prosperously. But has the meaning of the American Dream changed, so that in order to achieve it one must become wealthy and gain success. The type of people that are most often identified, as having achieved the American Dream are entrepreneurs who create successful and innovative companies, not the everyday middle class man. The stories of these successfulRead MoreLiving The American Dream Through The Ages993 Words   |  4 Pages Living the American Dream through the Ages Life is changing everyday, America’s question today is if the American Dream is attainable or not. The answer to this question is yes, it is attainable. With evolution, the American dream has been modified throughout the years. It is defined as â€Å"the idea that the American way of life offers the possibility of unlimited economic, social, etc success to every individual† (The Chambers Dictionary). Many people called the American Dream, the â€Å"good life†. StartingRead MoreThe Great Gatsby And The American Dream Essay791 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican culture has been described as a â€Å"melting pot†. This means that everyone has incorporated their specific opinionated types of cultures and mixed it all into America. American culture was a slower-paced, slower communicating, and a better relationship filled culture. American culture has evolved into a faster communicating, better educated, and fast-paced culture. American culture is going to evolve i nto where we will barely talk in person and it will be less natural to talk face-to-face becauseRead MoreThe Evolution And Purpose Of The American Dream1741 Words   |  7 PagesThe Evolution and Purpose of the American Dream Across the economically, ethnically, and socially diverse United States, millions of unlike Americans share the same desire to overcome the vast array of obstacles the modern day era presents in the hopes of becoming the ideal member of society. Looking back at multiple generations, evidence of this drive to succeed can be found in the roots of society’s progression. This omnipresent goal that motivates the population to build sustainable lives hasRead MoreThe American Dream By Robert D. Putnam877 Words   |  4 Pagesalso the best description of American Dream. However, is this so-called â€Å"dream† actually achievable? It has always been a controversial topic for the world. But some immigrants did succeed after they can to America, but others argues that since the time has long passed this American dream is now only a dream. Nevertheless, in my own point of view, the American dream still remains achievable, yet it gets harder than ever given our unstable economy/soc iety, technology advancement and inequality. Read MoreThe American Dream1678 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Dream is an idea that has always been different throughouttime. It changes in diverse forms and in the end involves success. The American Dream was a phrase used by the American people and peoplewanting to become American. It was always the idea that you can become a success. 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AustralianTaxation in FY2016 and FY2017 †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the AustralianTaxation in FY2016 and FY2017. Answer: Issue Whether John is a resident of Australia for Australian taxation purpose in FY2016 Whether John is a resident of Australia for Australian taxation purpose in FY2017 Rule There are four test which are applied for the purpose of determining whether a person is resident of Australia for Australian taxation purpose of not. Where any test provides a positive result than the person is considered as an Australian Resident for Taxation purpose. These tests are Ordinary concepts test, 183 days Test, Domicile Test and Superannuation Test The definition of resident is provided under s 6(1) Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (ITAA). According to the section a person who resides in Australia includes a person who has a domicile in Australia unless it is held by the minister that the person permanent place of abode is not in Australia or the person has been in Australia for a period of more than half a year unless the commissioner holds that the person does not intend to stay in Australia[1]. Ordinary concepts test In the case of Miller v FCT[2] it had been stated by the court that whether a person is a resident or not is analyzed by matter of fact and degree. The meaning of the term reside has not been provided in any legislation and is determined through a dictionary meaning which is to dwell permanently or for a considerable time. Thus as per the test the court takes into consideration the time which the person has spent in Australia, the purpose of the visit, having a residence in Australia, and the persons social ties. As per the test emphasis is put by the commissioner on the intention for stay, location and maintenance of assets, living and social ties. It has been provided by Tax Ruling 98/17 that where an individual resides in Australia as per the dictionary meaning of the words resides the other tests which have been provided through the definition do not require consideration. However where the person is not residing in Australia the consideration of other test has to be done to analyze the residency status of the individual[3]. It has also been provided through the ruling that the length of time or period of physical presence in Australia is not solely decisive while analyzing a person is residing in Australia. However the behavior of an individual with respect to the time spent in Australia may provide a degree of habit, routine or continuity which is consistent with the meaning of the word reside. The commissioners view in relation tolaw is that six months is a considerable time to determine whether a person is a resident of Australia or not for tax purpose. However merely because a person is staying in Australia for a period of 6 months he is not an Australia resident for the purpose of tax as per Tax Ruling 98/17. Under the domicile Test if a person has a permanent place of abode in Australia he is a resident unless the minister has a finding that his permanent place of abode is outside Australia. However it had been ruled in the case of Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Applegate[4] the court held that permanent does not mean forever Under the 183 day test if a person resides in Australia physically, intermittently or continuously for more than half off the income year he is a resident for tax purpose. However where the commissioner is satisfied that the usual place of abode of the individual is outside Australia and there is no intention on the part of the person to take up residence in Australia the person is not a resident for tax purpose[5]. Application Determination of residency for John in FY2016 It has been provided in the scenario that John Came to Australia first on 3rd April 2016. The total period for which he has been in Australia in 2016 includes approximately 2 months in April and May and from June to December 2016. Thus means that he has been in Australia for a period of more than half a year. Thus one of the elements of the ordinary concept test has been satisfied. He has also take a home for residing in Sydney for a six month lease as he liked the place. As per the case of Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Applegate Permanent place of abode does not mean forever. Thus his 6 months lease can be counted as a permanent place of abode in Australia. In addition according to Tax Ruling 98/17 the behavior of an individual with respect to the time spent in Australia may provide a degree of habit, routine or continuity which is consistent with the meaning of the word reside. Thus the continuing nature of John residence in Australia such as extending his course, taking up a part time job and buying a place to stay in Australia makes him a residence as per the resides test or ordinary concept test. Determination of residency for John in FY2017 It has been provided in the scenario that John has also decided to make an application for PhD studies in November which is to be effective from January 2017. This further signifies that he is intending to stay for a longer period in Australia. He already has a place of abode of a permanent nature. It is also provided by the ruling that when behavior is changed by a person and intention to reside is indicated the person is regarded as a resident. In the given situation it is clear that John who had come to Australia on a tourist visa and now holds a student visa for four years there is degree of habit, routine or continuity in his stay and he is also a resident under FY2017 as per the continuity test. As the test of ordinary concept is successfully applied, the application of no other test is required. Conclusions John is a resident of Australia for Tax Purpose for both FY2016 and FY2017. Bibliography Federal Court of Australia in Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Applegate (1978) 9 ATR 899 Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (Cth) s 6(1) Legal Database (2018) Ato.gov.au https://www.ato.gov.au/law/view/document?Docid=TXR/TR9817/NAT/ATO/00001 Miller v FCT (1946) 73 CLR 93 Sharkey, Nolan. "Coming to Australia: Cross border and Australian income tax complexities with a focus on dual residence and DTAs and those from China, Singapore and Hong Kong-Part 1."Brief42.10 (2015)

Acid/ Base properties of an antimicrobial agent Essay Example

Acid/ Base properties of an antimicrobial agent Essay Chem. 253 Lab 1: Acid/Base Properties of an Antimicrobial Agent 09/03/13 Purpose The purpose was to determine the acid and base properties of the antimicrobial agent sodium beneath. Theory Sodium has mainly been used in food processing to avoid growth of bacteria and harmful microorganisms. It is commonly used to preserve foods and beverages that have an acidic PH. Rather than benzene acid, sodium beneath is used because it is generally soluble in most aqueous solutions but benzene acid is not. Reaction Sodium beneath mixed with water, dissociates into beneath and sodium ions. Hydrogen chloride, which is a gas, will exist in unionized form when combined with water to form hydrochloric acid. Then when the two solutions are combined, HUH+ transfers electrons to beneath ions, which act as the base to form benzene acid as a solid precipitate. The overall balanced equation is as follows. Yield Calculations: Sodium Beneath: Theoretical: The theoretical yield of Benzene Acid is 1. Egg. The actual yield of Benzene Acid is 1. Egg. We will write a custom essay sample on Acid/ Base properties of an antimicrobial agent specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Acid/ Base properties of an antimicrobial agent specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Acid/ Base properties of an antimicrobial agent specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The percent yield of this experiment is: Methods/Procedures 1) Weigh and tare a 50 ml beaker, then place about 1. G of sodium beneath into the beaker. Record the actual mass of sodium beneath used. 2) Measure about 10 ml of distilled water with a graduated cylinder and pour it into the beaker with the sodium beneath. Use a glass-stirring rod to dissolve the sodium beneath in the water. 3) Measure about 4 ml of 3. 0 M HCI and add it slowly, with stirring, to the sodium beneath solution until the pH of the solution is 2. Use pH paper to test the solution each time by using your stirring rod to place a drop of the solution on the pH paper. Adding excess HCI to the solution will not affect yield of product. 4) To induce crystallization of product, cool the solution to 10 degrees Celsius or below. Place your 50 ml beaker in a large beaker containing cracked ice with a little water to reduce the temperature. 5) Clamp a 250 ml filtering flask to a ring stand and place the Boucher funnel on top with an appropriately sized filter paper (be sure to pre-weigh the filter paper). Moisten the filter paper in the funnel with a little distilled water, and make sure that the moist filter paper fits snugly in the bottom of the Boucher funnel with no folds or bends in the filter paper visible. Use the thick rubber tubing from your drawer to provide vacuum from the aspirator to your filter flask. Be sure you are connecting the tubing to the aspirator, not to the water or gas outlet. Turn on the water to a low volume to create a vacuum in the filter flask but not so much that you flood the sink. Transfer the crystals (quantitatively) from Step 4 to the funnel. Use about 5 ml of distilled water to rinse any solid that remains in the beaker onto the filter paper. Let the solid air-dry with the aspirator running for a few minutes. 7) Place the filter paper with solid in the oven for about 15 minutes to dry. Weigh and then dry again for 5 minutes. Weigh again. If your second weight differs from the first weight by more than 0. 5%, dry again for 10 minutes. Continue this process until successive weighing are within 0. 5%. For this lab, we must be sure to always wear our safety glasses whenever we are in the laboratory and wear gloves when we are conducting an experiment. Benzene acid and sodium beneath used in this experiment can be mild irritants to the skin. We must be careful not to get them on Observations/Results The mixture began clear but once we added the HCI the substance was white and odorless. Our precipitate was solid and white. For the numbers, sodium beneath was the limiting reagent because it had 0. 01063 moles whereas hydrochloric acid had 0. 012 moles. The theoretical yield was 1. Egg and the actual yield was 1. 51 g. With these numbers the percent yield turned out to be 96. 37%. Discussion/Conclusion Throughout the experiment I felt as though there were some errors. Also, I feel as though I may have lost amounts of the mixture and precipitate through transfers that affected our final weight. I could tell that the pH had an effect because we know that if there is a decrease in pH a pr ecipitate starts to form. Exercises 1) In a solution containing aqueous sodium beneath, a decrease in pH usually results in the formation of a precipitate. A.